Strain detector

ABSTRACT

A strain detector where water does not reach a strain-resistance element and which supplies stable output at all times is provided. In the strain detector, a first protective layer made of glass is disposed to cover an insulating substrate and the strain-resistance element. A second protective layer made of resins or glass for covering the first protective layer, and a thermistor for compensating the resistance of the strain-resistance element are disposed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a strain detector for detecting a strain occurring by a load.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. 8-87375 discloses a conventional strain detector. The conventional strain detector will be described with reference to drawings hereinafter. FIG. 8 is a top view of the conventional strain detector, and FIG. 9 is a cross sectional side view of the detector.

[0003] In FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, insulating substrate 1 made of elastic material is formed by disposing stick member 2 and insulating layer 3 thereon. Four strain-resistance elements 4 are disposed over insulating substrate 1. Strain-resistance elements 4 are electrically coupled to a pair of power electrodes 5, a pair of output electrodes 6, and a pair of ground (GND) electrodes 7 to form a bridge circuit. Protective layer 8 made of resins covers elements 4, power electrodes 5, the pair of output electrodes 6, the pair of GND electrodes 7 and the rest of insulating substrate 1

[0004] The operation of the above conventional strain detector will be described hereinafter.

[0005] When a shearing load is applied on the general-center position of the top of insulating substrate 1, bending moment occurs in insulating substrate 1 by the shearing load and also in four strain-resistance elements 4 disposed over substrate 1. A resistance of strain-resistance element 4 changes by the bending moment occurred in element 4. A change of the resistance is supplied from the pair of output electrodes 6 to an external measuring device (not shown) and then the load on substrate 1 is measured.

[0006] In the conventional strain detector, only protective layer 8 made of resins is disposed over insulating substrate 1, the pair of power electrodes 5, the pair of output electrodes 6 and the pair of GND electrodes 7. Protective layer 8 made of resins absorbs water little by little. Therefore, when the strain detector is used for a long time in an atmosphere of high humidity, the water reaches strain-resistance elements 4 and the resistance of strain-resistance element 4 fluctuates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present invention provides a strain detector, where water does not reach strain-resistance elements, having stable output properties at all times so that water does not reach strain-resistance elements.

[0008] The strain detector comprises:

[0009] (a) An insulating substrate made of elastic materials;

[0010] (b) Four strain-resistance elements, which form a bridge circuit by electrically coupling to a power electrode, a pair of output electrodes, and a ground (GND) electrode, disposed over the insulating substrate;

[0011] (c) A temperature-characteristic-compensation element disposed over the insulating substrate; and

[0012] (d) A first protective layer for covering the insulating substrate, the strain-resistance elements, the power electrode, the pair of output electrodes, the GND electrode and a temperature-characteristic-compensating element.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013]FIG. 1 is a top surface of a strain detector in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0014]FIG. 2 is a cross sectional side view of the strain detector at a position of the strain-resistance elements disposed therein in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0015]FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the strain detector at a position of electrodes disposed therein in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0016]FIG. 4 is a top view showing a conductive adhesive disposed in a slit section of a insulating substrate in the strain detector in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0017]FIG. 5 is a top view of the strain detector in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0018]FIG. 6 shows a distribution of a stress occurring in a rectangular insulating substrate in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0019]FIG. 7 shows a distribution of a stress occurring in the insulating substrate of the strain detector having a constriction section in the insulating substrate in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0020]FIG. 8 is a top view of a conventional strain detector.

[0021]FIG. 9 is a cross sectional side view of the conventional strain detector.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0022]FIG. 1 is a top view of a strain detector in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross sectional side view of the strain detector at a position of the strain-resistance elements disposed therein. FIG. 3 is a cross sectional side view of the strain detector at a position of electrodes disposed therein. FIG. 4 is a top view showing a state of a conductive adhesive disposed in a slit section of the insulating substrate.

[0023] In FIG. 1 through FIG. 4, insulating substrate 11 is made of elastic materials and comprises stainless steel board 12 containing aluminum, protective coat 13 made of alumina disposed over board 12, and insulating layer 13 a made of glass disposed over coat 13. Power electrode 14, a pair of output electrodes 15, and ground (GND) electrode 16, which are made of silver, and strain-resistance elements 17 are electrically coupled to each other via circuit pattern 18 to form a bridge circuit. Moreover, temperature-characteristic adjusting resistor 19 used as a temperature compensation element is disposed over substrate 11. One end of resistor 19 is electrically coupled to GND electrode 16 and the other end is coupled to strain-resistance elements 17 via a pair of resistance-measuring electrodes 20. Capacitor 22 is coupled to static-electricity-discharging resistor 23 in parallel between frame ground (GND) electrode 21 and GND electrode 16 disposed over board 12 via circuit pattern 18. Slit 24 is disposed in circuit pattern 18 on insulating substrate 11 so that slit 24 cuts off circuit pattern 18 partially, and a pair of slit electrodes 25 which is made of silver and electrically coupled to circuit pattern 18 are disposed at a position of slit 24. Conductive adhesive 26 electrically connects the pair of slit electrodes 25 to each other. Plate layer 27 made of nickel is disposed over power electrode 14, the pair of output electrodes 15, and GND electrode 16. Plate layer 28 made of solder is disposed over plate layer 27. Four strain-resistance elements 17 are arranged in pairs over insulating substrate 11, moreover, construction section 11 a is disposed between elements 17 of each pair in substrate 11. Protective layer 29 made of glass covers insulating substrate 11, power electrode 14, the pair of output electrodes 15, GND electrode 16, and temperature-characteristic adjusting resistor 19. Protective layer 30 made of resins or glass covers first protective layer 29. Capacitors 22 are coupled between power electrode 14 and GND electrode 16 and coupled between output electrode 15 and GND electrode 16 respectively.

[0024] An manufacturing method of the above detector will be described below.

[0025] First, insulating substrate 11 is formed by previously printing glass paste over stainless steel board 12 containing aluminum and by baking at about 850° C. for about 10 minutes.

[0026] Then, metal-glaze based paste is printed where strain-resistance elements 17 and static-electricity-discharging resistor 24 are disposed over substrate 11, and dried at about 130° C. for about 10 minutes.

[0027] Then, thermistor-resistance-paste is printed at a position where temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor 19 is disposed over insulating substrate 11. And then, four resistance elements 17, static-electricity-charging resistor 24 and resistor 19 are formed by baking at about 850° C. for 10 minutes.

[0028] Then, power electrode 14, the pair of output electrodes 15, GND electrode 16, resistance-measuring electrode 20, circuit pattern 18, frame GND electrode 21 and slit electrode 25 are formed by printing silver paste over insulating substrate 11 and by baking at about 600° C. for 10 minutes.

[0029] At this time, stainless steel board 12 containing aluminum in substrate 11 is not oxidized by the baking because of the high heat stability of protective coat 13 made of alumina formed over board 12. Consequently, elastic properties of substrate 11 become stable, and then the output of the strain detector become stable.

[0030] Then, first protective layer 29 is formed by printing paste of glass over substrate 11 but not over power electrode 14, the pair of output electrode 15, GND electrode 16, resistance-measuring electrode 20 and slit electrode 25, and then by baking at about 600° C. for 10 minutes.

[0031] Then, the pair of temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistors 19 are trimmed so that the pair of output electrodes 15 can output the same amount of changes according to a change of a temperature surrounding substrate 11 under the condition that a voltage is applied to power electrode 14 coupled to a power supply and GND electrode 16 is grounded.

[0032] Then, second protective layer 39 is formed by printing paste of resins or glass over first protective layer 29 disposed over substrate 11 and by baking at about 200° C. for 30 minutes.

[0033] Then, first plate layer 27 made of nickel is formed over power electrode 14, the pair of output electrodes 15, and GND electrode 16. Then, second plate layer 28 made of solder is formed over first plate layer 27. Slit 24 for partially breaking circuit pattern 18 is formed, and further, conductive adhesive 26 is disposed at slit 24. Namely, first plate layer 27 and second plate layer 28 are formed over power electrode 14, the pair of output electrodes 15, and GND electrode 16 under the condition of electrically disconnecting stainless steel board 12 to power electrode 14, the pair of output electrodes 15, and GND electrode 16. Therefore, partially exposed stainless steel board 12 is not plated. As each electrode becomes stable, the amount of plate in each electrode become stable. Conductive members such as jumpers can be employed instead of the conductive adhesive.

[0034] Then, conductive adhesive 26 is painted over slit 25 and the end of circuit pattern 18 adjacent to slit 25 over substrate 11.

[0035] Then, capacitor 22 for coupling between both circuit patterns coupled to power electrode 14 and GND electrode 16 respectively is mounted and is soldered to circuit pattern 18.

[0036] Also, capacitor 22 for coupling between both circuit patterns of output electrodes 15 and GND electrode 16 is mounted and soldered to circuit pattern 18.

[0037] Then, capacitor 22 and discharging resistor 23 for coupling both circuit pattern 18 connected to frame GND electrode 21 and GND electrode 16, are mounted and soldered to circuit pattern 18.

[0038] The operation of the strain detector assembled above will be described below.

[0039] When a shearing load is applied on the general-center position of insulating substrate 11, a strain occurs on the surface of substrate 11 by the load, and also a strain occurs in the four strain-resistance elements 17. When the strain occurs in strain-resistance element 17, resistance of each element 17 changes. The change of the resistance is supplied to a measuring device (not shown) such as an external computer from the pair of output electrodes 15, and then, the load on substrate 11 is determined.

[0040] In this strain detector, second protective layer 30 made of resins or glass covers first protective layer 29 made of glass. Therefore, even when water flows through second protective layer 30 because of using the detector in a high humidity atmosphere for a long time, the water does not penetrate through first protective layer 29 made of glass. Consequently, as water does not reach strain-resistance elements 17, the resistance of strain-resistance element 17 does not fluctuate, and the strain detector from which can obtain a stable output at all times is provided.

[0041] If second protective layer is made of resins, it is baked at a relatively lower temperature of about 200° C. Therefore, the resistances of strain-resistance element 17 and temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor 19 hardly change while second protective layer 30 is baked.

[0042] In this strain detector, temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor 19 is disposed over insulating substrate 11, however, thermistor 31 may be disposed over substrate 11 instead of resistor 19. When thermistor 31 is disposed, it can measure a temperature of substrate 11. Even if the resistance of strain-resistance element 17 changes because of using the detector in a temperature-changing atmosphere, the measuring device such as a computer (not shown) can compensate the change of the resistance of element 17. Consequently, the load on the strain detector can be exactly detected when a compensation-value calculator such as a IC chip for the compensation is mounted on the insulating substrate 11. A wiring to an external measuring device becomes simple, and a load on the measuring device is reduced.

[0043] The thermistor is formed over substrate 11 in the same way as resistor 19. Or, as shown in FIG. 5, thermistor 31 can be mounted on substrate 11 in the same way as capacitor 22. In FIG. 5, thermistor 31 is coupled to power electrode 14, however, thermistor 31 can be coupled to GND electrode 16 or floated by itself.

[0044]FIG. 6 shows an analyzed strain on insulating substrate 11. When substrate 11 is rectangular like the conventional strain detector, bending strain concentrates at the end of substrate 11. The elastic coefficient of substrate 11 therefore deteriorates. In the strain detector of the embodiment, constriction section 11 a is disposed between strain-resistance elements 17 of each pair on substrate 11. Therefore, when a load is applied on the general-center position of the strain detector, a strain on the surface of substrate 11 is spread toward constriction section 11 a from the end of substrate 11 as shown in FIG. 7. The strain does not concentrate accordingly into the end of substrate 11, and strain-resistance elements 17 can be placed at a wide area on substrate 11. And then, an assembling efficiency is improved.

[0045] For the case that an static electricity more than 5 kV is applied to GND electrode 16 by touching it with a hand, the conventional strain detector requires a structure such that static electricity cannot be applied to the GND electrode. That is because the insulating layer over the substrate may break down. In the strain detector in the embodiment, frame GND electrode 21, which is disposed over stainless steel board 12 and electrically coupled thereto, is electrically coupled to GND electrode 16. Consequently, as a static electricity runs through frame GND electrode 21 and to the GND electrode via stainless steel board 12. Even when static electricity is applied to the GND electrode, insulating layer 13 can be prevented from breaking down.

[0046] In the strain detector in the embodiment, a discharge element, which includes capacitor 22 and static-electricity-discharging resistor 23 connected in parallel, is coupled between frame GND electrode 21 and GND electrode 16. Therefore, even if static electricity is applied to GND electrode 16, capacitor 22 absorbs the electricity. As a result, the static electricity is controlled within a low voltage, and insulating layer 13 a can be prevented from breaking down. When resistor 23 discharges the accumulated electrical charge, GND electrode 16 and frame GND electrode 21 reach at the same potential. As stainless steel board 12 is not directly coupled to GND electrode 16, the potential of GND electrode 16 does not fluctuate, and output signals from the output electrodes 15 become stable.

[0047] In the strain detector in the embodiment, when the static electricity is applied to power electrode 14 or output electrodes 15, for example, by touching with a hand, capacitor 22 absorbs an electric charge of the electricity because capacitors 22 are coupled between power electrode 14 and GND electrode 16, and between each of the pair of output electrodes 15 and GND electrode 16, respectively. Therefore, as the static electricity is controlled within a low voltage, and excessive current does not run through strain-resistance element 17, the resistance of strain-resistance element 17 becomes stable.

[0048] In the embodiment, the strain detector having the temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor, the slit, the conductive members or the static-electricity-discharging element is described as shown in FIG. 1. The same factors can be additively disposed in the detector having a thermistor as shown in FIG. 5.

[0049] In the strain detector in the embodiment, first plate layer 27 made of nickel is formed over power electrode 14, GND electrode 16, and output electrodes 15, and also, second plate layer 28 made of solder is formed over layer 27. Therefore, silver does not move from each electrode to second plate layer 28. As a result, the electric connections between each electrode and a terminal of an external device becomes further reliable. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A strain detector comprising: an insulating substrate made of elastic material, a power electrode, a pair of output electrodes and a ground (GND) electrode disposed over said insulating substrate; four strain-resistance elements coupled to said power electrode, said output electrodes and said GND electrode over said insulating substrate; a temperature-characteristic-compensation element disposed over said insulating substrate; and a first protective layer made of glass formed over said strain-resistance elements.
 2. A strain detector according to claim 1 further comprising a second protective layer made of one of resin and glass, formed over said first protective layer.
 3. A strain detector according to claim 1 , wherein said temperature-compensation element is a temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor coupled to at least one of said strain-resistance elements.
 4. A strain detector according to claim 1 , wherein said temperature-characteristic-compensation element is a thermistor.
 5. A strain detector according to claim 4 further comprising a compensation-value calculator for compensating an output of said strain-resistance element based on an output of said thermistor, said compensation-value calculator disposed over said insulating substrate.
 6. A strain detector according to claim 1 further comprising: a capacitor coupled between said power electrode and said GND electrode; and capacitors coupled between said output electrodes and said GND electrode, respectively.
 7. A strain detector according to claim 1 further comprising: a first plate layer made of nickel disposed over said power electrode, said GND electrode, and said output electrodes; and a second plate layer made of solder disposed over said first plate layer.
 8. A strain detector according to claim 1 , wherein said four strain-resistance elements are separated in two pairs, and a constriction section is disposed between each pair of said two pairs of said strain-resistance elements in said insulating substrate.
 9. A strain detector according to claim 1 , wherein said insulating substrate comprises a stainless steel board containing aluminum, a protective coat made of alumina formed over said stainless steel board, and a insulating layer made of glass formed over said protective coat.
 10. A strain detector according to claim 9 , wherein said insulating substrate further comprises a frame ground (GND) electrode disposed over said stainless steel board and coupled to said stainless steel board and said GND electrode.
 11. A strain detector according to claim 9 further comprising: a frame ground (GND) electrode disposed over said stainless steel board and coupled to said stainless steel board; and a static-electricity-discharging element coupled between said frame GND electrode and said GND electrode.
 12. A strain detector according to claim 11 , wherein said static-electricity-discharging element comprises a static-electricity-discharging resistor and a capacitor coupled to said static-electricity-discharging resistor in parallel.
 13. A strain detector according to claim 11 further comprising: a circuit pattern disposed over said insulating substrate for connecting said frame GND electrode to said GND electrode, where a slit is formed to break said circuit pattern; and a conductive member disposed in the slit.
 14. A strain detector according to claim 13 , wherein said conductive member is a conductive adhesive.
 15. A strain detector according to claim 10 further comprising: a circuit pattern disposed over said insulating substrate for connecting said frame GND electrode to said GND electrode, where a slit is formed to break said circuit pattern; and a conductive member disposed in the slit.
 16. A strain detector according to claim 15 , wherein said conductive member is a conductive adhesive.
 17. A manufacturing method of manufacturing a strain detector comprising the steps of: printing a metal-glaze-based paste at a position where a strain-resistance element is disposed over a insulating substrate; forming the strain-resistance element by putting a thermistor-resistance paste paste at the position where the strain-resistance element is disposed; forming a power electrode, a pair of output electrodes, a ground (GND) electrode, a circuit pattern by coating the insulating substrate with silver paste; disposing a temperature-characteristic-compensation element over the insulating substrate; and forming a first protective layer by glass paste over the strain-resistance element.
 18. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 further comprising the steps of: forming a protective coat made of alumina over a stainless steel board containing aluminum; forming an insulating coat by coating the protective layer with glass paste to form the insulating substrate; and forming a frame ground (GND) electrode by coating the insulating substrate with silver paste.
 19. A manufacturing method according to claim 18 further comprising the step of mounting a capacitor and a static-electricity-discharging resistor for coupling the frame GND electrode to the GND electrode.
 20. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 , wherein the temperature-characteristic-compensation element is a temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor, and wherein said step of disposing the temperature-characteristic-compensation element comprises the step of putting thermistor-resistance paste at a position where the temperature-characteristics-adjusting resistor is disposed over the insulating substrate.
 21. A manufacturing method according to claim 20 further comprising the steps of; coupling a direct-current power source between the power electrode and the GND electrode; trimming the temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor so that the output electrodes output same amounts of changes to each other according to a change of a temperature surrounding the insulating substrate.
 22. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 , wherein the temperature-characteristic-compensation element is a thermistor, and wherein said step of disposing the temperature-characteristic-compensation element comprises the step of forming the thermistor by putting thermistor-resistance paste at a position where the thermistor is disposed over the insulating substrate.
 23. A manufacturing method according to claim 22 further comprising the step of mounting a compensation-value calculator over the insulating substrate for compensating an output of the strain-resistance element based on an output of the thermistor.
 24. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 further comprising the step of forming a second protective layer by coating with paste made of one of resin and glass after said step of forming the first protective layer.
 25. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 further comprising the steps of: forming a first plate layer made of nickel over the power electrode, the output electrodes, and the GND electrode; and forming a second plate layer made of solder over the first plate layer.
 26. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 further comprising the steps of: forming a slit by cutting off the circuit pattern before said step of forming the first plate layer; forming a slit electrode at the slit by coating the circuit pattern with silver paste before said step of forming the first plate layer; and disposing a conductive member on the slit electrode after said step of forming the first plate layer.
 27. A manufacturing method according to claim 26 , wherein said step of disposing the conductive member comprises the step of putting a conductive adhesive on the slit electrode.
 28. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 , wherein the the temperature-characteristic-compensation element is a thermistor, and wherein said step of disposing the temperature-characteristic-compensation element comprises the step of mounting the thermistor over the insulating substrate.
 29. A manufacturing method according to claim 28 further comprising the step of mounting a compensation-value calculator for compensating an output of the strain element over the insulating substrate based on an output of the thermistor.
 30. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 further comprising the steps of: mounting a capacitor for coupling the power electrode to the GND electrode; and mounting capacitors for coupling the output electrodes to the GND electrode, respectively.
 31. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 , wherein said step of forming the strain-resistance element comprises the step of drying the strain-resistance element at about 130° C. for about 10 minutes.
 32. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 , wherein said step of forming the power electrode, the output electrodes, the GND electrode, and the circuit pattern comprises the step of baking the power electrode, the output electrodes, the GND electrode, and the circuit pattern at about 600° C. for about 10 minutes.
 33. A manufacturing method according to claim 17 , wherein said step of forming the first protective layer comprises the step of baking the first protective layer at about 600° C. for about 10 minutes.
 34. A manufacturing method according to claim 18 , wherein said step of forming the insulating coat comprises the step of baking the insulating coat at about 850° C. for about 10 minutes.
 35. A manufacturing method according to claim 18 , wherein said step of forming the frame GND electrode comprises the step of baking the frame GND electrode at about 600° C. for about 10 minutes.
 36. A manufacturing method according to claim 19 , wherein said step of forming the temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor comprises the step of baking the temperature-characteristic-adjusting resistor at about 850° C. for about 10 minutes.
 37. A manufacturing method according to claim 22 , wherein said step of forming the thermistor comprises the step of baking the thermistor at about 130° C. for about 10 minutes.
 38. A manufacturing method according to claim 20 , wherein said step of forming the second protective layer comprises the step of baking the second protective layer at about 200° C. for about 30 minutes. 